Formatting guide

This is a guide for those who want to learn use $\LaTeX$ or simple formatting. If you want to contribute on brilliant, then you should use $\LaTeX$ in many cases. This makes your posts more readable.

When you don't know how to write a symbol, then use the Google. I will post there only the important symbols.

There are lots of $\LaTeX$ guides, but I think my guide will be the most readale and complete. Let's start the learning.

Content:

1. What is Latex
2. Basic formatting
• 2.1. Italics and Bold text
• 2.2. Paragraph
• 2.3. Quote
• 2.4. Bulleted and numbered lists
• 2.6. Pictures
• 2.7. Code blocks
• 2.8. Formatted box
• 2.9. Tables
• 2.10. Titles
• 2.11. Horizontal lines
• 2.12 Mentioning
3. Basic latex operators and modificators
• 3.1. Insert a latex code
• 3.2. Spaces and line breaks
• 3.3. The basic operators
• 3.4. Brackets
• 3.5. Modificators
• 3.6. Basic align
• 3.7. Basic characters
• 3.8. Greek letters
• 3.9. Text and symbols above and under characters
• 3.10. Text
4. Formatting with Latex
• 4.1. Styles
• 4.2. Font size
• 4.3. Coloring
5. Matrices and arrays
• 5.1. Matrices
• 5.2. Arrays
• 5.3. Another one
• 5.4. Dots
6. Not math codes
7. Useful tips

What is Latex

$\LaTeX$ is a formatting(or markdown) language to format documents or write formulas. In this web page we can't format documents, therefore lots of commands isn't working.

Basic formatting

This paragraph will help you to format your posts without $\LaTeX$.

2.1. Italics and Bold text

 What you type What you get *italics* or _italics_ italics **bold** or __bold__ bold

You can combine the two styles like these:

• ***Hello!***
• *__Hello!__*
• ___Hello!___

All possible combinations is correct. Each will appear as Hello!.

2.2. Paragraph

See this example:

I
love
to
do
it


I love to do this

Now try it with two or more spaces at the end of the lines:

I
love
to
do
it


I
love
to
do
this

Now try to take empty spaces:

I

love

to

do

it


I

love

to

do

this

If you fil the empty lines with spaces you will get the same result. If you want to take more empty sapces you should use $\LaTeX$ codes. But this isn't the $\LaTeX$ section, so let's continue.

2.3. Quote

> It will appear like this quote

It will appear like this quote

Let's see some examples:

> This
is
an
example


This is an example

Now try it with two or more spaces at the end of each lines:

> This
is
an
example


This
is
an
example

Now try to connect two quotes:

> This is

> an example


This is
an example

If you want to separate them, then you should write something between them(this can be an empty $\LaTeX$ code too):

> This is

an

> example


This is

an

example

2.4. Bulleted and numbered lists

- buletted or * bulleted or + bulleted and 1. numbered

Usefull things:

• You always should take an empty line before and after the list(If you don't take before it, then it will appear like a simple text, but if you don't take after it, then the simple text will be

connected to the list) - You should take a space after the - sign

I will show the examples with only bulleted lists:

This isn't a
- bulleted list

- bulleted list

- bulleted list
continue

- shifted list


This isn't a - bulleted list

• bulleted list

• bulleted list
continue

• shifted list

$\/extract_itex] Let's see this one: * It won't * break  • It won't • break $\\$ If you should write a date: 1956. Doesn't work 1956\. Yeah  1. Doesn't work 1956. Yeah $\\$ 2.5. link [<link text>](<link>) Link text will appear. [I'm happy](https://translate.google.com/?hl=hu#view=home&%3Bop=translate&%3Bsl=en&%3Btl=hu&%3Btext=I'm%20happy.&op=translate&sl=en&tl=hu&text=I'm%20happy)  I'm happy There is the empty link [I'm empty](#)  I'm empty If you should use a link many times you can define links: [link][id1] [id1]: https://brilliant.org/discussions/thread/math-prove-marathon/ "Title"  link. You can use links in $\LaTeX$ too, but this is unnecessary. 2.6. Pictures When you upload a picture, then you will get a code. You should only insert it, if you placed to the wrong place(or if you want to insert it to the comment section). But when you want to use a picture from the internet, then you should only copy the link of the picture: ![text under the picture](<link or uploaded link>){: .<position>} The position can be: left,center,right. If you delete the {} brackets, then it will be left aligned. Let's see an example for the three positions and how to combine links and pictures: ![](https://www.shutterstock.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2019/07/Man-Silhouette.jpg){: .left} [![](https://www.shutterstock.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2019/07/Man-Silhouette.jpg){: .center}](https://d.newsweek.com/en/full/520858/supermoon-moon-smartphone-photo-picture.jpg) Click to the picture! ![](https://www.shutterstock.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2019/07/Man-Silhouette.jpg){: .right}  Click to the picture! As you can see if the picture isn't center aligned, then the text after the picture's link will appear next to the picture. The code of the gif files are the same. You can give a title to your picture. It won't appear: ![<text under the picture>](<link> "<Title>"){: .<position>}. You can define links to pictures too. 2.7. Code blocks When we are talking about commands, then we use these: readln()  readln() We can take lots of  before it, but then we should take the same amount of this signs after it. If we want line breaks without break the code block: python print "This is the best sentence"    1 print "This is the best sentence"  Sometimes the text after the code block doesn't appear. You should only place a title after the code and it will be good. If you don't give the name of the programming language:  1 print "This is the best sentence"  You should take an empty line before it. If the text after the code block doesn't appear, then take a # after the block. 2.8. Formatted box $\\$ If you take 4 spaces, then it will appear like you typed similar to the quote this will be if you take more than 4 spaces  2.9. Tables $\\$ ||1||2||3|| ||4||wide column|| ||||||same|| ||other||table||:)|| ||longer||row||than||the first||   1 2 3 4 wide column same  other table :) longer row than the first 2.10. Titles We can create 6 different titles(we can close them, but this is unnecessary): # I'm your ego ## This is sometimes underlined ## ### I'm your IQ #### Interesting ##### Nothing ##### ###### Thin-king  I'm your ego This is sometimes underlined I'm your IQ Interesting Nothing Thin-king 2.11. Horizontal lines _ =Shift and - If under a text we take a - or = these will make a title. If we take an empty line, then these won't: _ title 1 = title 2 - -- * * * * - -  title 1 title 2 2.12 Mentioning @<name> When you start the typing to mention somebody, then the web page will give you options. If you don't choose one, then it won't work. You should choose the correct option. If the web page don't give you the required name, then continue the typing or try to type the name another way(for example without space). Basic latex operators and modificators 3.1. Insert a latex code The interpreter should distinct the $\LaTeX$ codes, so we should mark them. We can mark two types of $\LaTeX$ placement: • \(<code>\) • \[<code>

The first type of $\LaTeX$ placement will appear like this $1+2=3$, but the second will like this $1+2=3$. Both codes are placed into the sentence, but the second makes a break line before and after itself and the second is center aligned.

3.2. Spaces and line breaks

Spaces sometimes are allowed, sometimes they are necessary but sometimes they are unallowed. Let's see the rules:

 Rule Example code How will ppear Between the brackets the spaces are unallowed \ ( 1+3\ ) \ ( 1+3\ ) In a command the spaces don't allowed \(\ta n(x)\) $\ta n(x)$ After a command if the next character is a letter, then the space is necessary \(\tanx\) $\tanx$ In other cases the spaces are allowed \(3$\;\;$+$\;\;$4 = 7\) $3 + 4 = 7$ Line breaks are allowed when spaces are allowed \(1 + $\/extract_itex] 3 = 4\) $1 + 3 = 4$ But these spaces won't appear. There you can see how to take a space:  Code Appearance Note \, $te\,xt$ \: $te\:xt$ \; $te\;xt$ \! $te\!xt$ If you take more\!: $te\!\!\!\!xt$ ~ $te~xt$ Or you can insert a text or outside the brackets you can take one space. With these $\LaTeX$ codes you can take longer spaces. You can make special spaces: |{\kern 1pt} |{\kern 10pt} |{\kern 100pt}|\\ |\hspace{1pt} |\hspace{10pt} |\hspace{100pt}|  $|{\kern 1pt} |{\kern 10pt} |{\kern 100pt}|\\ |\hspace{1pt} |\hspace{10pt} |\hspace{100pt}|$ $pt$ is a given length like $cm$ and $mm$. In$\LaTeX$ (and in web building) there are other units, but the main units are: $\text{pt, px, em}$ Let's see how to make line breakes with special length: 4\\[30px]5  $$4\\[30px]5$$ You can give not integer numbers and negative numbers also. 54 5\hspace{0.7px}4 5\hspace{-4px}4  $54$ $5\hspace{0.7px}4$ $5\hspace{-4px}4$ $0.7=.7$ Here is some information about other length: $\rule{5in}{10px}$ 5 in $\rule{5cm}{10px}$ 5 cm $\rule{5cc}{10px}$ 5 cc $\rule{5nc}{10px}$ 5 nc $\rule{5pc}{10px}$ 5 pc $\rule{5em}{10px}$ 5 em $\rule{5ex}{10px}$ 5 ex $\rule{5mm}{10px}$ 5 mm $\rule{5dd}{10px}$ 5 dd $\rule{5nd}{10px}$ 5 nd $\rule{5px}{10px}$ 5 px $\rule{5bp}{10px}$ 5 bp $\rule{5pt}{10px}$ 5 pt $\rule{5sp}{10px}$ 5 sp 3.3. The basic operators  What you type What you get Note 2=2 $2=2$ 1+2 $1+2$ 4*6 $4*6$ If you use other commands, then it will appear better 4\times6 $4\times6$ If you are on mobile, then maybe you can find it at the symbols 4\cdot6 $4\cdot6$ 8/4 $8/4$ you can use other commands too 8\div4 $8\div4$ On mobile you can write it without code \frac{8}{4} $\frac{8}{4}$ You can use modificators. \frac 123 will be $\frac 123$ {3\choose2} ${3\choose2}$ \binom{3}{2} $\binom{3}{2}$ 2^3 $2^3$ If you want to write $2^{33}$, than you should write 2^{33}, without the { and } brackets it will appear like this $2^33$ 2^{3^3} $2^{3^3}$ If you don't write brackets: 2^3^3 A_1 $A_1$ Same way as ^ if you want to write more characters you should use { and } brackets A_{1_2} $A_{1_2}$ \sqrt{3} $\sqrt{3}$ \sqrt[4]{5} $\sqrt[4]{5}$ \parallel $\parallel$ \perp $\perp$ After the basic operators let's see some often used commands. There are some built in functions like \tan, \log, \gcd, \mod.... We can avoid them, but using them is easier. Let's see an example: \tan(x)=1 and tan(x) will appear like $\tan(x)$ and $tan(x)$. 3.4. Brackets  \left ( \right ) $\left ( \right )$ \left \| \right \| $\left \| \right \|$ \left [ \right ] $\left [ \right ]$ \left \langle \right \rangle $\left \langle \right \rangle$ \left \{ \right \} $\left \{ \right \}$ \left \lfloor \right \rfloor $\left \lfloor \right \rfloor$ \left | \right | $\left | \right |$ \left \lceil \right \rceil $\left \lceil \right \rceil$ 3.5. Modificators Sometimes we should use modificators. Let's see an example: $\frac{\frac{2}{\frac{5}{6}+7}+3}{4^8}$. As you can see this is too small. The modificators help us to set the size of the operators. If we use the \displaystyle modificator before each fraction, then it will set the size automatically:  \displaystyle\frac{\displaystyle\frac{2}{\displaystyle\frac{5}{6}+7}+3}{4^8} $\displaystyle\frac{\displaystyle\frac{2}{\displaystyle\frac{5}{6}+7}+3}{4^8}$ This is a long way to solve this problem, so we can use \dfrac{}{}. We will get the same result. With fractions there are some more modificators. Let's all of them in one table:  Code Appearance \frac{2+\frac{1}{5}}{\frac{7}{6}+4} $\frac{2+\frac{1}{5}}{\frac{7}{6}+4}$ \displaystyle\frac{2+\displaystyle\frac{1}{5}}{\displaystyle\frac{7}{6}+4} $\displaystyle\frac{2+\displaystyle\frac{1}{5}}{\displaystyle\frac{7}{6}+4}$ \dfrac{2+\dfrac{1}{5}}{\dfrac{7}{6}+4} $\dfrac{2+\dfrac{1}{5}}{\dfrac{7}{6}+4}$ \cfrac{2+\cfrac{1}{5}}{\cfrac{7}{6}+4} $\cfrac{2+\cfrac{1}{5}}{\cfrac{7}{6}+4}$ \tfrac{2+\tfrac{1}{5}}{\tfrac{7}{6}+4} $\tfrac{2+\tfrac{1}{5}}{\tfrac{7}{6}+4}$ Here is two examples with $\!\!\!\!\mod\!$:  Code Appearance 2\mod4 $2\mod4$ 2\bmod4 $2\bmod4$ 2\pmod4 $2\pmod4$ The \displaystyle won't do anything. In some cases the \displaystyle works only. Let's see some examples(I wrote the modificators before the operators):  Original Modificated $2^{3^{4^{5^6}}}$ $2\displaystyle^{3\displaystyle^{4\displaystyle^{5\displaystyle^6}}}$ $A_{B_{C_{D_E}}}$ $A\displaystyle_{B\displaystyle_{C\displaystyle_{D\displaystyle_E}}}$ $\sum_a^b$ $\displaystyle\sum_a^b$ Sometimes modificators cause some problem: $(\dfrac{\dfrac{4}{6}+2}{1})$ You can try the \displaystyle won't help. When we use brackets we use the \left and the \right modificators:  \left ( \dfrac{\dfrac{4}{6}+2}{1} \right ) $\left ( \dfrac{\dfrac{4}{6}+2}{1} \right )$ But sometimes we use only one bracket(usually when we are working with a matrix). Let's see an example:  \left | \dfrac{\dfrac{4}{6}+2}{1} \left | \dfrac{\dfrac{4}{6}+2}{1} As you can see it's not working perfectly. When we start a bracket with a modificator then we should mark the pair of it and same way we can't end a bracket if we didn't marked the pair of it. The solution is easy:  \left | \dfrac{\dfrac{4}{6}+2}{1} \right. $\left | \dfrac{\dfrac{4}{6}+2}{1}\right.$ 3.6. Basic align You can make left and center aligned equations already. But sometimes we make lots of modifications on only one side of the equation. Let's see that: \begin{align} A&=(4x+5)^2-8\\ &=16x^2+40x+25-8\\ &=16x^2+40x+17 \end{align}  \begin{aligned} A&=(4x+5)^2-8\\ &=16x^2+40x+25-8\\ &=16x^2+40x+17 \end{aligned} & means that where will the lines aligned. So the next characters after the & signs will make a straight vertical line. The \ signs means the line break. We should not take a line break after these signs, when we write the code, but if we take we can modificate easier it. We can use align* too, but it doesn't make anything. Let's see an interesting example: \begin{align} 1&=333&=333&=22&=22&333&=22&=1\\ 1&=22&22&=333&=22&1&=1&=22&=5&=1\\ 4444&=1&=1&=1&=333&333&=4444&=1&=22&=55555\\ &&&&4444\\ 22 \end{align}  \begin{aligned} 1&=333&=333&=22&=22&333&=22&=1\\ 1&=22&22&=333&=22&1&=1&=22&=5&=1\\ 4444&=1&=1&=1&=333&333&=4444&=1&=22&=55555\\ &&&&4444\\ 22 \end{aligned} • Only each second & will be aligned into a line • We can skip lines with more & signs • Not only the = can make a straight line 3.7. Basic characters Only the often used special characters:  \rightarrow $\rightarrow$ \Rightarrow $\Rightarrow$ \leftarrow $\leftarrow$ \Leftarrow $\Leftarrow$ \uparrow $\uparrow$ \Uparrow $\Uparrow$ \downarrow $\downarrow$ \Downarrow $\Downarrow$ \pm $\pm$ \mp $\mp$ \leq $\leq$ \geq $\geq$ \lfloor $\lfloor$ \rfloor $\rfloor$ \lceil $\lceil$ \rceil $\rceil$ \therefore $\therefore$ \because $\because$ \angle $\angle$ \triangle $\triangle$ \equiv $\equiv$ \approx $\approx$ \in $\in$ \ni $\ni$ \ll $\ll$ \gg $\gg$ \neq $\neq$ |x|,|=AltGr+W $|x|$ \infty $\infty$ As you can see there are modifications of the arrows. If you start with a big letter you will get a double arrow. You can use modificators too: long, leftright, updown There are lots of characters. I won't write all of them. Here you can see more characters. Let's see the big operators:  \int $\int$ \iint $\iint$ \oint $\oint$ \sum $\sum$ \prod $\prod$ \bigcap $\bigcap$ \bigcup $\bigcup$ 3.8. Greek letters  \Alpha and \alpha $\Alpha$ and $\alpha$ \Nu and \nu $\Nu$ and $\nu$ \Beta and \beta $\Beta$ and $\beta$ \Xi and \xi $\Xi$ and $\xi$ \Gamma and \gamma $\Gamma$ and $\gamma$ \Omicron and \omicron $\Omicron$ and $\omicron$ \Delta and \delta $\Delta$ and $\delta$ \Pi, \pi and \varpi $\Pi$, $\pi$ and $\varpi$ \Epsilon, \epsilonand \varepsilon $\Epsilon$, $\epsilon$ and $\varepsilon$ \Rho, \rho and \varrho $\Rho$, $\rho$ and $\varrho$ \Zeta and \zeta $\Zeta$ and $\zeta$ \Sigma, \sigma and \varsigma $\Sigma$, $\sigma$ and $\varsigma$ \Eta and \eta $\Eta$ and $\eta$ \Tau and \tau $\Tau$ and $\tau$ \Theta, \theta and \vartheta $\Theta$, $\theta$ and $\vartheta$ \Upsilon and \upsilon $\Upsilon$ and $\upsilon$ \Iota and \iota $\Iota$ and $\iota$ \Phi, \phi and \varphi $\Phi$, $\phi$ and $\varphi$ \Kappa, \kappa and \varkappa $\Kappa$, $\kappa$ and $\varkappa$ \Chi and \chi $\Chi$ and $\chi$ \Lambda and \lambda $\Lambda$ and $\lambda$ \Psi and \psi $\Psi$ and $\psi$ \Mu and \mu $\Mu$ and $\mu$ \Omega and \omega $\Omega$ and $\omega$ 3.9. Text and symbols above and under characters  {}' ${a}'$ {}'' ${a}''$ \dot{} $\dot{a}$ \ddot{} $\ddot{a}$ \hat{} $\hat{a}$ \check{} $\check{a}$ \grave{} $\grave{a}$ \acute{} $\acute{a}$ \tilde{} $\tilde{a}$ \breve{} $\breve{a}$ \bar{} $\bar{a}$ \vec{} $\vec{a}$ \not{} $\not{a}$ ^{\circ} $a^{\circ}$  \widetilde{} $\widetilde{abc}$ \widehat{} $\widehat{abc}$ \overleftarrow{} $\overleftarrow{abc}$ \overrightarrow{} $\overrightarrow{abc}$ \overline{} $\overline{abc}$ \underline{} $\underline{abc}$ \overbrace{} $\overbrace{abc}$ \underbrace{} $\underbrace{abc}$ \overset{}{} $\overset{123}{abc}$ \underset{}{} $\underset{123}{abc}$ \xrightarrow[]{} $\xrightarrow[123]{abc}$ \xleftarrow[]{} $\xleftarrow[123]{abc}$ In every case the first brackets contain the 123. You can see we can't use overset and underset at the same time. Instead we can use arrays and matrices. The brackets can contain arrows also: $\overset{\Delta t}{\rightarrow}$ And there is one interesting thing: \boxed{12.5}=\fbox{12.5}  $\boxed{12.5}=\fbox{12.5}$ And we can do this: \cancel{123456789}  $\cancel{123456789}$ 3.10. Text \text{} between the brackets everything will appear.  \text{I'm happy...} $\text{I'm happy...}$ Formatting with Latex 4.1. Styles  Code Appearance Code Appearance \textnormal{} $\textnormal{BIG small}$ \mathnormal{} $\mathnormal{BIG small}$ \textup{} $\textup{BIG small}$ \boldsymbol{} $\boldsymbol{BIG small}$ Note: with this code we can print bold symbols: $\boldsymbol{\uparrow}$ \textbf{} $\textbf{BIG small}$ \mathbf{} $\mathbf{BIG small}$ \textit{} $\textit{BIG small}$ \mathit{} $\mathit{BIG small}$ \textrm{} $\textrm{BIG small}$ \mathrm{} $\mathrm{BIG small}$ \textsf{} $\textsf{BIG small}$ \mathsf{} $\mathsf{BIG small}$ \textrm{} $\textrm{BIG small}$ \mathrm{} $\mathrm{BIG small}$ \texttt{} $\texttt{BIG small}$ \mathbb{} $\mathbb{BIG small}$ \textmd{} $\textmd{BIG small}$ \mathcal{} $\mathcal{BIG small}$ \mathfrak{} $\mathfrak{BIG small}$ These are unnecessary codes, you shouldn't learn them. As you can see only the text formats will display the spaces. 4.2. Font size  \tiny $\tiny\text{tiny}$ \scriptsize $\scriptsize\text{scriptsize}$ \footnotesize $\footnotesize\text{footnotesize}$ \small $\small\text{small}$ \normalsize $\normalsize\text{normalsize}$ \large $\large\text{large}$ \Large $\Large\text{Large}$ \LARGE $\LARGE\text{LARGE}$ \huge $\huge\text{huge}$ \Huge $\Huge\text{Huge}$ If we place the code in a title: $\Huge \text{Bubu}$ $\Huge \text{Bubu}$ 4.3. Coloring There are built in colores: \red{}, \blue{}, \green{}, \orange{} etc. $\red{red rat}$ We can use \color{}. Between the brackets we should give the name of the color. This will be active until you don't change the color again. There are two ways to give the color: • \color{red}, \color{blue}, \color{black} • With hexadecimal code: \color{#<code>} Let's see an example to the second: If our color is the basic red, then with RGB($\color{#ff0000}\text{Red}\color{#00ff00}\text{Green}\color{#0000ff}\text{Blue}$) coloring:  $\color{#ff0000}\text{Red}=100\%$ $100\%=(256)_{10}$ $(256)_{10}=(FF)_{16}$ $\color{#00ff00}\text{Green}=0\%$ $0\%=(0)_{10}$ $(0)_{10}=(00)_{16}$ $\color{#0000ff}\text{Blue}=0\%$ $0\%=(0)_{10}$ $(0)_{10}=(00)_{16}$ So the code will be \color{#FF0000}: $\color{#ff0000}\text{red}$ Let's see a complex color: #4DA3EC $\color{#4da3ec} color$ Here you can set the color and get the code of it. If we use the color command between two { } brackets, then the text after the brackets won't be colored: {\color{green}green}black  ${\color{#20A900}green}black$ Let's see an interesting example: \color{red}red{\color{green}green}unknown  $\color{#D61F06}red{\color{#20A900}green}unknown$ We can use \textcolor{} also: \textcolor{red}{red}  $\textcolor{#D61F06}{red}$ \textcolor{red}red  $\textcolor{#D61F06}red$ But we can make color boxes: \colorbox{blue}{black\color{#FFFFFF}white}  $\colorbox{#3D99F6}{black\color{#ffffff}white}$ And we can make color boxes with border: \fcolorbox{red}{blue}{\text{The text command include the whole text, but the brackets are necessary}}  $\fcolorbox{#D61F06}{#3D99F6}{\text{The text command include the whole text, but the brackets are necessary}}$ Matrices and arrays 5.1. Matrices Matrices are similar to tables and to the aligned equations. & means the next column an \ means the next row(If \ is annoying, then you can use \cr): \begin{matrix} 1 & 2 & 3\\ 4 & 5 & 6 \end{matrix}  $\begin{matrix} 1 & 2 & 3\\ 4 & 5 & 6 \end{matrix}$ Like with tables, there you can skip columns and you can make longer rows than the first: \begin{matrix} 1 & 2 & 3\\ 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5\\ &&3&&5 \end{matrix}  $\begin{matrix} 1 & 2 & 3\\ 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5\\ &&3&&5 \end{matrix}$ You can see if we won't write a whole line we can skip the & symbols. And you can see also that I taked a line break, but it doesn't displayed. Let's see the types of the matrices: • pmatrix \begin{pmatrix} 1 & 2 & 3\\ 4 & 5 & 6 \end{pmatrix}  $\begin{pmatrix} 1 & 2 & 3\\ 4 & 5 & 6 \end{pmatrix}$ • bmatrix \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 2 & 3\\ 4 & 5 & 6 \end{bmatrix}  $\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 2 & 3\\ 4 & 5 & 6 \end{bmatrix}$ • Bmatrix \begin{Bmatrix} 1 & 2 & 3\\ 4 & 5 & 6 \end{Bmatrix}  $\begin{pmatrix} 1 & 2 & 3\\ 4 & 5 & 6 \end{pmatrix}$ • vmatrix \begin{vmatrix} 1 & 2 & 3\\ 4 & 5 & 6 \end{vmatrix}  $\begin{vmatrix} 1 & 2 & 3\\ 4 & 5 & 6 \end{vmatrix}$ • Vmatrix \begin{Vmatrix} 1 & 2 & 3\\ 4 & 5 & 6 \end{Vmatrix}  $\begin{Vmatrix} 1 & 2 & 3\\ 4 & 5 & 6 \end{Vmatrix}$ But we can use special matrices too: \left\{\left. \begin{matrix} 1 & 3 & 5\\ 7 & 4 & 9 \end{matrix}\right |\right.  $\left\{\left. \begin{matrix} 1 & 3 & 5\\ 7 & 4 & 9 \end{matrix}\right |\right.$ But we can place a matrix into another matrix: \begin{matrix} 1 & \begin{matrix} 2 & 3\\ 4 & 5 \end{matrix}\\ 6 & 7 \end{matrix}  $\begin{matrix} 1 & \begin{matrix} 2 & 3\\ 4 & 5 \end{matrix}\\ 6 & 7 \end{matrix}$ We can insert horizontal lines into the matrix with \hline: \begin{matrix} 2 & 4\\ \hline 5 & 6 \end{matrix}  $\begin{matrix} 2 & 4\\ \hline 5 & 6 \end{matrix}$ If we need a vertical line, then we should use two matrices or use an array. Let's see the arrays. 5.2. Arrays The arrays are similar to matrices, but when we begin an array, then we should give the align of each colummn: \begin{array}{<align>} <array> \end{array}  <align> can be: • c - center • l - left • r - right If we have more columns than that we have declared we will get an error message. But we can skip the empty columns. Let's see an example: \begin{array}{lcr} 7777777 & 4444 & 666666\\ 4444 & 1\\ 22&&999999999 \end{array}  $\begin{array}{lcr} 7777777 & 4444 & 666666\\ 4444 & 1\\ 22&&999999999 \end{array}$ Now let's see how to insert a vertical line: \begin{array}{c|c} 1 & 2\\ 3 & 4\\ 5 & 6\\ \end{array}  $\begin{array}{c|c} 1 & 2\\ 3 & 4\\ 5 & 6\\ \end{array}$ 5.3. Another one \begin{cases} y=1 & x=5 \\ y=2 & x=4 \\ y=3 & x=3 \\ y=4 & x=2 \\ y=5 & x=1 \end{cases}  $\begin{cases} y=1 & x=5 \\ y=2 & x=4 \\ y=3 & x=3 \\ y=4 & x=2 \\ y=5 & x=1 \end{cases}$ You can't add new columns. But if you insert a matrix, then you can solve it. 5.4. Dots There are lots of dots. Here you can see the main codes(from wikibooks):  \dots $\dots$ Generic dots (ellipsis), to be used in text (outside formulae as well). It automatically manages whitespaces before and after itself according to the context, it's a higher level command. \ldots $\ldots$ The output is similar to the previous one, but there is no automatic whitespace management; it works at a lower level. \cdots $\cdots$ These dots are centered relative to the height of a letter. There is also the binary multiplication operator, \cdot, mentioned below. \vdots $\vdots$ vertical dots \ddots $\ddots$ diagonal dots Not math codes This web page doesn't support all $\LaTeX$ codes. Therefore we can't use lots of not mathematical codes. I think only basic formatting, chemical equations and square drawing are supported. Let's see the chemical equations: You can already write chemical equations: \text{CH}_4+2\text{O}_2\rightarrow2\text{H}_2\text{O}+\text{CO}_2  $\text{CH}_4+2\text{O}_2\rightarrow2\text{H}_2\text{O}+\text{CO}_2$ But this can be easier: \ce{CH4 + 2O2 -> 2H2O + CO2}  $\ce{CH4 + 2O2 -> 2H2O + CO2}$ Here you can see the main things(these are the examples from there):  \ce{H2O} $\ce{H2O}$ \ce{CrO4^2-} $\ce{CrO4^2-}$ \ce{A <--> B} $\ce{A <--> B}$ \ce{A ->[x_i] B} $\ce{A ->[x_i] B}$ \ce{CO2 + C -> 2 CO} $\ce{CO2 + C -> 2 CO}$ \ce{A\bond{~--}B\bond{~=}C\bond{-~-}D} $\ce{A\bond{~--}B\bond{~=}C\bond{-~-}D}$ Spaces are necessary And the square drawing: \rule[raise]{width}{height} \rule{78pt}{.4cm}\color{red}\rule[.2cm]{24px}{2 mm}\hspace{-24px}\color{blue}\rule{24px}{2mm}  $\rule{78pt}{.4cm}\color{#D61F06}\rule[.2cm]{24px}{2 mm}\hspace{-24px}\color{#3D99F6}\rule{24px}{2mm}$ For more information see: 3.2. Spaces and line breaks And the big question: • The big question: How to write $\LaTeX$ • Answer: \LaTeX Here is a cool website, where you can make equations without learning codes. Useful tips • Don't write a lot of text in $\LaTeX$. This can be annoying, and in small screens others can't read your text • Make your code always readable. If you have an error, then you can edit it quickly • If you can't follow your brackets, then take line breaks or spaces • Always see the spaces after each codes • Always see the end of the $\LaTeX$ code. If your code doesn't ended it will make a big problem • Always use readable font size, but not too big(\LARGE can be too big) • Use the Preview button before you post something. The $\LaTeX$ sometimes doesn't displayed. Use any online editor to see your codes • If you write a longer code, then save it, sometimes the web page delete your codes • $\color{#D61F06}\text{Don't take big line breaks. You can take 500000px long line breaks, but don't do that!}$ • Don't copy codes from others Tasks You can make symbols with negative spaces, rectangles, characters.... There are two examples from my note about programming tasks: $\color{#888888}\Large\bigodot \hspace{-666200sp}\rule[3px]{1.3px}{5.5px}\hspace{-289000sp}\rule[11.5px]{7.5px}{1.7px}$ $\hspace{1pt}$ $\color{#888888}\rule[4px]{14px}{2.2px}\hspace{-14px}\rule{14px}{2.2px}\hspace{-14px}\rule[-4px]{14px}{2.2px}$ Make a special symbol and I will include it Note by Páll Márton 2 weeks, 1 day ago This discussion board is a place to discuss our Daily Challenges and the math and science related to those challenges. Explanations are more than just a solution — they should explain the steps and thinking strategies that you used to obtain the solution. Comments should further the discussion of math and science. When posting on Brilliant: • Use the emojis to react to an explanation, whether you're congratulating a job well done , or just really confused . • Ask specific questions about the challenge or the steps in somebody's explanation. Well-posed questions can add a lot to the discussion, but posting "I don't understand!" doesn't help anyone. • Try to contribute something new to the discussion, whether it is an extension, generalization or other idea related to the challenge. • Stay on topic — we're all here to learn more about math and science, not to hear about your favorite get-rich-quick scheme or current world events. MarkdownAppears as *italics* or _italics_ italics **bold** or __bold__ bold - bulleted- list • bulleted • list 1. numbered2. list 1. numbered 2. list Note: you must add a full line of space before and after lists for them to show up correctly paragraph 1paragraph 2 paragraph 1 paragraph 2 [example link](https://brilliant.org)example link > This is a quote This is a quote  # I indented these lines # 4 spaces, and now they show # up as a code block. print "hello world" # I indented these lines # 4 spaces, and now they show # up as a code block. print "hello world" MathAppears as Remember to wrap math in $$ ... $$ or \[ ...  to ensure proper formatting.
2 \times 3 $2 \times 3$
2^{34} $2^{34}$
a_{i-1} $a_{i-1}$
\frac{2}{3} $\frac{2}{3}$
\sqrt{2} $\sqrt{2}$
\sum_{i=1}^3 $\sum_{i=1}^3$
\sin \theta $\sin \theta$
\boxed{123} $\boxed{123}$

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Excellent LaTeX formatting guide! I am saving this one...

- 2 weeks ago

Thank you! I'm working on this yet

- 2 weeks ago

Don't worry. I put it in my saved collection!

- 2 weeks ago

Huhh! I extended it.

- 2 weeks ago

I hope this is better

- 2 weeks ago

Still excellent!

- 1 week, 6 days ago

@Jeff Giff Here is a new formatting guide for Radmaths !

- 1 week, 6 days ago

@Jeff Giff See what will happen if you click to the link to this guide. Delete your link's last section from there: ?from_notification=...

- 1 week, 6 days ago

And thank you!

- 1 week, 6 days ago

Red Maths LOL :)

- 1 week, 5 days ago

- 1 week, 2 days ago

Zakir always calls it RedMaths, maybe he doesn't know the meaning of rad :)

- 1 week, 2 days ago

I doubt it. What about history?

- 1 week, 2 days ago

Doubt what??? and what history???

- 1 week, 2 days ago

I think he can use the rad word. From there you can understand it

- 1 week, 2 days ago

Oh! ok, but he still calls it redmaths, LOL

- 1 week, 2 days ago

$\color{#D61F06}\text{redmath}$ is rad. BTW this isn't important

- 1 week, 2 days ago

- 1 week, 2 days ago

Great! The only one with the cases, which I once spent AN HOUR looking for :P

- 1 week, 6 days ago

Thank you!

- 1 week, 6 days ago

Now this is complete :) Maybe some codes are missing, but I think I finished it

- 1 week, 6 days ago

$\rule{20px}{20px}{\color{#FFFFFF}\rule{20px}{20px}}\rule{20px}{20px}{\color{#FFFFFF}\rule{20px}{20px}}\rule{20px}{20px}{\color{#FFFFFF}\rule{20px}{20px}}\rule{20px}{20px}{\color{#FFFFFF}\rule{20px}{20px}}\\[-3.75pt] {\color{#FFFFFF}\rule{20px}{20px}}\rule{20px}{20px}{\color{#FFFFFF}\rule{20px}{20px}}\rule{20px}{20px}{\color{#FFFFFF}\rule{20px}{20px}}\rule{20px}{20px}{\color{#FFFFFF}\rule{20px}{20px}}\rule{20px}{20px}\\[-3.75pt] \rule{20px}{20px}{\color{#FFFFFF}\rule{20px}{20px}}\rule{20px}{20px}{\color{#FFFFFF}\rule{20px}{20px}}\rule{20px}{20px}{\color{#FFFFFF}\rule{20px}{20px}}\rule{20px}{20px}{\color{#FFFFFF}\rule{20px}{20px}}\\[-3.75pt] {\color{#FFFFFF}\rule{20px}{20px}}\rule{20px}{20px}{\color{#FFFFFF}\rule{20px}{20px}}\rule{20px}{20px}{\color{#FFFFFF}\rule{20px}{20px}}\rule{20px}{20px}{\color{#FFFFFF}\rule{20px}{20px}}\rule{20px}{20px}\\[-3.75pt] \rule{20px}{20px}{\color{#FFFFFF}\rule{20px}{20px}}\rule{20px}{20px}{\color{#FFFFFF}\rule{20px}{20px}}\rule{20px}{20px}{\color{#FFFFFF}\rule{20px}{20px}}\rule{20px}{20px}{\color{#FFFFFF}\rule{20px}{20px}}\\[-3.75pt] {\color{#FFFFFF}\rule{20px}{20px}}\rule{20px}{20px}{\color{#FFFFFF}\rule{20px}{20px}}\rule{20px}{20px}{\color{#FFFFFF}\rule{20px}{20px}}\rule{20px}{20px}{\color{#FFFFFF}\rule{20px}{20px}}\rule{20px}{20px}\\[-3.75pt] \rule{20px}{20px}{\color{#FFFFFF}\rule{20px}{20px}}\rule{20px}{20px}{\color{#FFFFFF}\rule{20px}{20px}}\rule{20px}{20px}{\color{#FFFFFF}\rule{20px}{20px}}\rule{20px}{20px}{\color{#FFFFFF}\rule{20px}{20px}}\\[-3.75pt] {\color{#FFFFFF}\rule{20px}{20px}}\rule{20px}{20px}{\color{#FFFFFF}\rule{20px}{20px}}\rule{20px}{20px}{\color{#FFFFFF}\rule{20px}{20px}}\rule{20px}{20px}{\color{#FFFFFF}\rule{20px}{20px}}\rule{20px}{20px}$

- 1 week, 2 days ago

$\rule{100pt}{161.8pt}$
Golden ratio

- 1 week, 2 days ago

WHA WHAAA WHAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA! How much time do you have? I've got 30 minutes a day to update my guide lol, this one is way better. Awesome @Páll Márton - This deserves to be turned into a Latex wiki, maybe you should ask Brilliant Mathematics, Calvin Lin, or someone else.......................

- 1 week, 5 days ago

Yeah, I have a lot of time. But I think the wiki page is better. I wanted to make an example, where you should search the error, but this take a lot of time

- 1 week, 5 days ago

Yours is better than wiki page, as you have more than what the wiki has, just ask some moderator or something dude, this is good stuff

- 1 week, 5 days ago

The wiki page is about only $\LaTeX$. There you can see more codes. But you are right, because some codes are missing.

- 1 week, 5 days ago

Wait... the mod and bmod. Wrong code.

- 1 week, 5 days ago

Why? If you write only \mod then it won't work, but ~\mod~$~\mod~$

- 1 week, 5 days ago

No, look- $a\equiv b \mod n,a \bmod n, a\pmod n$ , mod, bmod, pmod

- 1 week, 4 days ago

What is the problem? Your codes are a\equiv b \mod n,a \bmod n, a\pmod n so the codes are good.

- 1 week, 4 days ago

Dude, my point is, \mod has a SPACE before it. bmod doesn’t. Check out your guide. Wrong code! :D

- 1 week, 4 days ago

Yeah. Thank you!

- 1 week, 4 days ago

I got it

- 1 week, 4 days ago

:)

- 1 week, 4 days ago

$\bra{1}$ \bra{1}, for qubits

- 1 week, 4 days ago

I can't write anything. Just stop it. I don't understand your jokes. What is so funy in facepalm?

. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . ,.-‘”. . . . . . . . . .~.,
. . . . . . . .. . . . . .,.-”. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .“-.,
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. . . . . . . . ./. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,:^.}
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@Jeff Giff isn't annoying. Peace(and glory :D )!

- 1 week, 4 days ago

This isn't working. The space is too big :)

- 1 week, 4 days ago

Vaguely speaking, it does look like a facepalm, albeit unusual.

- 1 week, 4 days ago

Di Immortales! Did it take you 2 hours to type that, or did you copy/paste?

- 1 week, 4 days ago

copy/paste :)

- 1 week, 4 days ago

smart, but unnecessary :)

- 1 week, 4 days ago

Jeff Giff isn't annoying in a He-is-a-idiot kind of way

facepalm isn't funy, its funny :)

The jokes were courtesy of Leo, but they were pretty non-funny, if that's even a word.

Happy 7.27 day!

Before you ask what 7.27 day is its today 7/27/2020, why you may ask, because a super complex number like pi has a day, why not 7.27 :)

- 1 week, 4 days ago

@Páll Márton - How do you make that box, where latex doesn't work, the one where you write your syntax, and the one where you wrote the latex commands for greeks letters as an example, your guide is very long, so i didn't find it LOL

- 1 week, 3 days ago

2.7. and 2.8. Code blocks and Formatted box :)

- 1 week, 3 days ago

Ctrl+f

- 1 week, 3 days ago

 Got it, thanks! 

- 1 week, 3 days ago

Yeah.

- 1 week, 3 days ago

You are welcome!

- 1 week, 3 days ago

Excellent work @Páll Márton

- 5 days, 14 hours ago

Thank you! But this was a long work :)

- 5 days, 12 hours ago

• Make your code readable. If you get an error, then you can edit it quickly.
• Remember to check the spaces after each codes.
• Always check the end of the LATE​X code. If your code doesn't end, your will face many errors.
• Use readable font size, but not too big (\LARGE is usually too big).
• Use the Preview button before you post something, because the LaTeX isn't displayed sometimes. Use an online editor to verify whether your codes work or not.
• If you have written a lot of code, then save it, as the web page doesn't always save your codes.
@Páll Márton - I did some grammatical corrections and stuff in the Useful Tips part :)

- 1 day, 21 hours ago