Help please

$\huge\int \dfrac{\cos^5 x+\cos^4 x}{1-2\cos 3x}$

#Integration #IITJEE #Integrals

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I am getting a nice closed form if the numerator is $\cos 5x + \cos 4x$ . I think if it is a JEE problem then the numerator should be what I have written. Can you please check? Otherwise I'll try with this again.

Sudeep Salgia - 5 years ago

I am sure about the question. The reason I put the jee tag was to get to know if there are any methods of jee applicable.

Rohit Ner - 5 years ago

What makes you think that it has a closed form?

Pi Han Goh - 5 years ago

This problem was given to me by my class mate. I tried every integration technique possible. Even I doubt if there exists a valid closed form for it. Please help me sir.

Rohit Ner - 5 years ago

There's no simple closed form without using hypergeometric functions. Apply $\cos(3x) /\cos(2x) = 1 - 2\cos(2x)$ and reducing the powers of trigonometric functions to 1 shows that we are essentially solving for at least one of $\int \sin(ax) \csc(bx) dx$ , $\int \sin(ax) \sec(bx) dx$ , $\int \cos(ax) \sec(bx) dx$ , $\int \cos(ax) \csc(bx) dx$ which can't be stated in terms of elementary functions because for all of these cases, $b \ne 1$ .

Pi Han Goh - 5 years ago

I know a method but haven't done it yet.

Write $\cos^5(x)$ and $\cos^4(x)$ as $\frac{1}{16}(10 \cos(x) + 5 \cos(3x) + \cos(5x))$ and $\frac{1}{8}(3 + 4 \cos(2x) + \cos(4x))$ .
Substitute $z = {e}^{ix}$ .
Then, you would get a rational polynomial function in terms of z which can "easily" be solved using Partial Fraction or Division approach.

I know this method is way too tedious but that's the most general way to tackle these types of problems.

Kartik Sharma - 5 years ago

You can't solve it by simple Partial Fractions because the denominator of this function does not have any "nice" roots.

Pi Han Goh - 5 years ago

Oh! I see. I hadn't checked it so I might be wrong. If it doesn't have "nice" roots then also it doesn't matter, computer will do it, it doesn't discriminate b/w real and complex :P

Kartik Sharma - 5 years ago

@Kartik Sharma – We might have different opinion of "nice" closed form. Does the integration of $\frac1{x^3 + 3x^2 + 5x+7}$ have a nice form?

Pi Han Goh - 5 years ago

@Pi Han Goh – That's quite nice! :P For me, everything has a nice "closed"(I didn't use this word originally) form. Even the error function does! :P

Kartik Sharma - 5 years ago

@Kartik Sharma – To me, even the error function is not "nice". I only consider elementary functions to be "nice".

If you consider all of these to have a "nice" closed form, then it's hard to judge whether an integral is worth solving or not. Don't you think so?

Pi Han Goh - 5 years ago

I don't think this is an IITJEE question. This question is not integrable to our knowledge(atleast till JEE point of view). You can use higher level integration to solve this.

Harikrishna Nair - 4 years, 10 months ago

Math	Appears as
Remember to wrap math in `\(` ... `\)` or `\[` ... `\]` to ensure proper formatting.
`2 \times 3`	$2 \times 3$
`2^{34}`	$2^{34}$
`a_{i-1}`	$a_{i-1}$
`\frac{2}{3}`	$\frac{2}{3}$
`\sqrt{2}`	$\sqrt{2}$
`\sum_{i=1}^3`	$\sum_{i=1}^3$
`\sin \theta`	$\sin \theta$
`\boxed{123}`	$\boxed{123}$