Let \(\mathrm{A}\) be the set of all "\(\color{Blue}{\text{useful}}\)" things.
Let \(\mathrm{B}\) be the set of all "\(\color{Green}{\text{Awesome}}\)" things.
Let \(\mathrm{C}\) be the set of all "\(\color{Red}{\text{fascinating}}\)" things.
Let \(\mathrm{D}\) be the set of all "\(\color{Brown}{\text{easily understandable}}\)" things.
What this note contains is an element of \(\mathrm{A \cap B \cap C \cap D}\)....
\[\color{Blue}{\textbf{Polynomial Expansions}}\]
\(\mathbf{1.}\quad \displaystyle \dfrac{1-x^{m+1}}{1-x} = 1+x+x^2+...+x^m = \sum_{k=0}^m x^k\)
\(\mathbf{2.} \quad \displaystyle \dfrac{1}{1-x} = 1+x+x^2+... = \sum_{k=0}^\infty x^k\)
\(\mathbf{3.}\quad \displaystyle (1+x)^n = 1+\binom{n}{1} x + \binom{n}{2}x^2+...+\binom{n}{n}x^n = \sum_{k=0}^n \dbinom{n}{k} x^k\)
\(\mathbf{4.}\quad \displaystyle (1-x^m)^n = 1-\binom{n}{1}x^m+\binom{n}{2}x^{2m}-...+(-1)^n\binom{n}{n} x^{nm}\)
\(\quad \quad \quad \quad\quad \displaystyle = \sum_{k=0}^n (-1)^n \dbinom{n}{k}x^{km}\)
\(\mathbf{5.}\quad \displaystyle\dfrac{1}{(1-x)^n} = 1+ \binom{1+n-1}{1} x + \binom{2+n-1}{2} x^2+...+\binom{r+n-1}{r} x^r+......\)
\(\quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \displaystyle =\sum_{k=0}^\infty \dbinom{k+n-1}{k} x^k \)
\(\color{Purple}{\text{Tremendously useful}}\) in calculating the \(\color{Blue}{\text{co-efficient}}\) of any term in specially generating functions that we come across, in many combinatorics problems...
Taken From - Alan Tucker's "Applied Combinatorics"
Good luck problem solving !
Note by
Aditya Raut
3 years, 8 months ago
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Top NewestI know that the second one only works for \(x<1\). But do any of the others work for only \(x>1\). Also, thank you so much for this note, it's very useful.
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-1<x<1 actually.
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Thank you, but do u know which ones only work for this case
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Can you add parts of this page into the algebra wiki? I think that Algebraic Identities and Algebraic Manipulation - Identities, would be suitable places to add them.
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what is the derivation of 5th one.
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Standard result, it's related to "Newton's generalised Binomial theorem", but if you do want the derivation please see it here
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Does the last one work for 0<x<1???
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Definitely 2.
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set contains Everything
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Is this for nerds like you?
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Dude don't use nerds in a derogatory manner please. If you don't like nerds or aren't one yourself, you should remove yourself from Brilliant.org. Have a nice day.
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@Finn Hulse , thanks for helping here, really !
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I truly like your comment, by these many likes :-
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@Cody Johnson :D
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Haha, anytime dude. :D
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Agreed. BTW, some nerds can be good at sports as well.
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BTW sharky, participate in JOMO 8, we miss your submission.
@Sharky Kesa , JOMO 8 starts \(\color{Red}{\textbf{TOMORROW}}\) and has some good questions I made.
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(#Sharky_Surprises )
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This is for using in generating functions we design for combinatorics problems.... For example, see the set "vegetable combinatorics".... (type in search bar simply).... That's for all who want to learn, nothing high-figh technique or anything, just formulas to get co-efficient of a specific term in a generating function. @Jack Daniel Zuñiga Cariño
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