Number Theory Warmups
\[ 2^{1}-2^{2}+2^{3}-2^{4}+2^{5}-2^{6}+2^{7} -\ldots +2^{2013}\]
Let \(a\) be the value of the expression above. Find the last two digits of \(a.\)
by
Charlton Teo
Given that in the 8-digit number \(\overline{\mathrm{ABCDEFGH}}\),
(i) \(\overline{\mathrm{ABCD}}=\overline{\mathrm{EFGH}}\)
(ii) The numbers \(\overline{\mathrm{ABCDEFGH}}\) and \(\overline{\mathrm{ABCD0EFGH}}\) are both divisible by \(11\).
Let the sum of all possible values of \(\overline{\mathrm{ABCDEFGH}}\) be \(N\).
Find the digit sum of \(N\).
Details and assumptions:-
- \(\overline{\mathrm{ABC}}\) means the number in decimal representation with digits \(A,B,C\) i.e. \(\overline{\mathrm{ABC}} = \mathrm{100A+10B+C}\)
- The letters \(A\) to \(H\) do not necessarily stand for distinct digits.
- In the second number, the digit \(0\) is added in the middle of the 8-digit number, which makes it a 9-digit number.
- Digit sum is sum of all digits in decimal representation, digit sum of \(12023\) is \(1+2+0+2+3=8\)
- 00123 is not a 5-digit number.
by
Aditya Raut
Consider the sequence \( 50 + n^2 \) for positive integer \(n\):
\[51, 54, 59, 66, 75, \ldots\]
If we take the greatest common divisor of 2 consecutive terms, we obtain
\[3, 1, 1, 3, \ldots\]
What is the sum of all distinct elements in the second series?
by
Satvik Golechha
If we write out the decimal expansion of the smaller root of \(f(x)=1000000x^2-1000000x+1\), we get the following decimal: \[0.000001 \quad 000001\quad 000002\quad 000005 \quad 000014 \quad \ldots\] which we notice as the first 5 Catalan numbers. How many distinct Catalan numbers occur in a row before this pattern stops?
Image Credit: Wikimedia Dmharvey.
by
Daniel Liu
\[ \large \frac1a+\frac1b+\frac1c= \frac1{42} \]
Let \(a\leq b \leq c\) be positive integers that satisfy the equation above. Find the maximum possible value of \(c\).
by
Pi Han Goh