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Distribution into Bins
How can five candies be distributed among 3 friends? Well, the answer depends on if you can tell the candies apart!
Note: Each group must contain at least one ball. The groups are not labeled; a group is determined only by the balls it contains. Two divisions are considered different if there is a pair of balls that are both in the same group in one division but are in different groups in the other.
\[6 = 6, \quad 6 = 4 + 1 + 1, \quad 6 = 3 + 3, \quad \ldots \] If 10 people each write 6 as a sum of non-increasing positive integers, is it possible for each of the 10 people to choose a different sum?
Note: The single number 6 is considered to be a sum, even though there is no \(+\) sign.
A sum of non-increasing positive integers is a sum whose terms do not increase from left to right (though they may remain constant). For example, \(6 = 4 + 1 + 1\) is a sum of non-increasing positive integers, since \(4 > 1 = 1,\) but \(1 + 4 + 1\) is not, since \(1 < 4.\)
\[202, 31, 4, 112, \ldots\]
If 15 people each write down a positive integer with fewer than 4 digits whose digits add up to 4, is it possible for each of the 15 people to write a different number?
4 friends visit an ice cream parlor that offers vanilla, chocolate, and strawberry ice cream. How many ways are there for the 4 friends to each order a different flavor of ice cream?
Note: Assume each person only orders a single flavor.