Bob's public key is and . Alice uses ASCII encryption and sends the ciphertext . Which of the following was Alice's original message?
Mallory discovers many public keys, including the following:
What number can Mallory discover is the prime factor of one (or more) of these keys, without needing to factor any of them, making use of a vulnerability of RSA?
Knowing which of the following would allow an attacker to efficiently break the RSA encryption?