Radiation-Dominated Dynamics of the Universe

Classical Mechanics Level 3

Derive the evolution of the scale factor with time given an approximately flat universe filled with radiation: if the scale factor \(a(t) \propto f(t)\), what is \(f(t)\)?

Excel in math and science

Master concepts by solving fun, challenging problems.

It's hard to learn from lectures and videos

Learn more effectively through short, conceptual quizzes.

Our wiki is made for math and science

Master advanced concepts through explanations, examples, and problems from the community.

Used and loved by 4 million people

Learn from a vibrant community of students and enthusiasts, including olympiad champions, researchers, and professionals.