Advanced Organic Reactions

In this wiki, we shall be exploring the various kinds of organic reactions. Each of the reactions' product formation can be explained through their respective mechanisms. The reactions in the list of contents are some of the important organic reactions.

This reaction involves the direct replacement of an atom or a group in the organic molecule by another atom of group without causing any effect on other parts of molecules is called as a substitution reaction. These are very helpful reactions and are used widely in preparation of many organic compounds in laboratories as well as in industries.

Substitution can be of three types: mainly free radical, nucleophilic, and electrophilic substitution reactions. Let's go through these beautiful reactions.

Free radical substitution reaction: This reaction is initiated by free radicals or has free radicals as intermediates. The most common example is halogenation of alkanes in the presence of sunlight or $UV$ rays:

$$\ce{CH_4 + Cl_2 \rightarrow CH_3Cl + HCl}.$$

Usually, they happen in 3 steps known as initiation, propagation, and termination.