| B.1 |
Understand and use the laws of indices for all rational exponents. |
Exponents and Radicals — Applying the power rule for exponents, Applying the product rule for exponents, Applying the quotient rule for exponents, Combining exponent rules to simplify, Connecting fractional exponents to radicals, Dividing with prime factorizations, Evaluating general fractional exponents, Evaluating unit fraction exponents, Evaluating zero-exponent expressions, Multiplying and dividing in scientific notation, Multiplying with prime factorizations, Rewriting with negative exponents, Simplifying multi-base quotients, Simplifying negative exponents in denominators, Simplifying products with exponent zero, Simplifying with negative exponents; Exponential Functions — Evaluate an exponential at negative x-values, Evaluate an exponential at non-integer x-values, Express decay with a negative exponent; Equations and Curves — Simplifying fractional exponents, Simplifying with exponent rules, Simplifying with exponent rules |
| B.2 |
Use and manipulate surds, including rationalising the denominator. |
Exponents and Radicals — Adding and subtracting like square roots, Multiplying square root expressions, Simplifying and combining unlike radicals |
| B.3 |
Work with quadratic functions and their graphs; the discriminant of a quadratic function, including the conditions for real and repeated roots; completing the square; solution of quadratic equations, including solving quadratic equations in a function of the unknown. |
Quadratics — Checking solutions by substitution, Classifying solution types, Completing squares with fractions, Completing the square, Connecting intercepts to factors, Converting to vertex form, Determining number of solutions, Evaluating quadratic equations, Finding maximum and minimum values, Finding the axis of symmetry, Finding the vertex, Finding vertices using symmetry, Graphing by factoring, Graphing parabolas from vertex form, Isolating squared variables, Plotting points on parabolas, Reading solutions from graphs, Solving by completing the square, Solving equations by factoring, Solving shifted square equations, Solving with square roots, Using the discriminant, Using the quadratic formula, Writing equations from graphs, Writing vertex form equations; Polynomials — Factoring biquadratic polynomials |
| B.4 |
Solve simultaneous equations in two variables by elimination and by substitution, including one linear and one quadratic equation. |
Solving Equations — Choosing what to substitute, Multiplying to eliminate, Setting up elimination, Solving by subtracting equations, Solving systems by combining, Solving systems by substitution, Solving with substitution, Substituting known values; Linear Systems — Eliminating by adding equations, Scaling equations to eliminate |
| B.5 |
Solve linear and quadratic inequalities in a single variable and interpret such inequalities graphically, including inequalities with brackets and fractions; express solutions through correct use of 'and' and 'or', or through set notation; represent linear and quadratic inequalities such as y > x + 1 and y > ax² + bx + c graphically. |
Linear Systems — Classifying inequality solutions, Graphing inequality constraints, Graphing inequality solutions; Coordinate Plane — Combining two inequalities, Identifying strip regions, Reading solid and dashed boundaries, Shading regions for inequalities; Solving Equations — Finding inequality solutions, Finding value ranges, Graphing inequalities, Solving for boundary values; Equations and Curves — Finding regions for multiple inequalities, Identifying inequality regions, Reading intervals from hyperbolas, Reading values from graphs, Testing points against inequalities; Linear Relationships — Graphing linear inequalities, Identifying inequality solutions, Writing linear inequalities |
| B.6 |
Manipulate polynomials algebraically, including expanding brackets and collecting like terms, factorisation and simple algebraic division; use of the factor theorem. Extended at A level to simplifying rational expressions, including by factorising and cancelling, and algebraic division (by linear expressions only). |
Polynomials — Adding polynomials, Connecting roots and factors, Factoring out monomials, Factoring power differences, Multiplying monomials, Multiplying polynomials, Solving by factoring, Subtracting polynomials, Working with multivariable polynomials; Equations and Curves — Adding rational expressions, Rewriting equivalent equations, Simplifying by factoring, Simplifying rational expressions; Solving Equations — Combining like terms, Combining terms in equations, Distributing over a sum, Distributing over groups, Factoring common factors, Factoring into groups, Reasoning with grouped expressions, Solving after combining; Quadratics — Combining like terms, Combining signed terms, Combining terms with coefficients, Completing factors with negatives, Completing partial factorizations, Determining signs in products, Expanding binomial products, Factoring signed quadratics fully, Factoring simple quadratics, Factoring with leading coefficients, Factoring with negative constants, Finding constant terms, Finding linear terms, Multiplying with area models, Multiplying with negative numbers, Recognizing perfect square patterns |
| B.7 |
Understand and use graphs of functions; sketch curves defined by simple equations including polynomials, the modulus of a linear function, and y = a/x and y = a/x² (including their vertical and horizontal asymptotes); interpret algebraic solution of equations graphically; use intersection points of graphs to solve equations; understand and use proportional relationships and their graphs. |
Equations and Curves — Building equations from intersections, Controlling the number of intersections, Finding asymptotes and holes, Finding hyperbola asymptotes, Finding intercepts and sign regions, Finding intersection points, Finding vertical asymptotes, Identifying discontinuities and sign regions, Identifying power function graphs, Locating asymptotes, Matching equations to graphs, Matching equations to graphs, Matching rational functions to graphs, Solving systems and unions of curves; Linear Systems — Counting solutions to a system, Finding solutions by graphing, Solving systems by graphing; Polynomials — Finding roots from graphs, Finding the y-intercept, Identifying sign regions, Matching equations to graphs, Matching graphs to factored form, Reading polynomial graphs; Introduction to Functions — Identifying function intervals, Plotting conditional functions, Plotting numeric functions, Reading continuous function graphs, Reading discontinuous function graphs, Reading periodic function graphs; Vectors and Matrices — Solving systems graphically |
| B.8 |
Understand and use composite functions; inverse functions and their graphs. |
Introduction to Functions — Determining invertibility, Evaluating composite functions, Finding inverse functions, Writing composite function expressions; Equations and Curves — Evaluating roots and inverse compositions, Evaluating square roots of squares, Evaluating squaring and square roots, Graphing the square root function |
| B.9 |
Understand the effect of simple transformations on the graph of y = f(x), including sketching associated graphs: y = a f(x), y = f(x) + a, y = f(x + a), y = f(ax). Extended at A level to combinations of these transformations. |
Equations and Curves — Applying reflections and equivalent stretches, Applying shifts and stretches, Combining multiple transformations, Completing hyperbola equations, Connecting transformations to domain and range, Finding domain and range after transformations, Finding equation parameters, Identifying transformed graphs, Shifting the square root graph, Stretching and reflecting root graphs, Transforming hyperbola graphs, Transforming the square root graph, Writing transformations from constraints; Polynomials — Applying single transformations, Combining transformations, Identifying transformed features; Introduction to Functions — Combining reflections and stretches, Reflecting functions across axes, Sliding Function Graphs, Stretching Function Graphs; Trigonometric Functions — Computing period from rotation speed, Finding transformed function periods, Identifying amplitude and midline, Identifying periodic function features, Identifying phase shift relationships, Matching functions with transformations, Transforming periodic functions |